Supported by sources
The stated identity or relationship has identified documentary, institutional, or family support. This is not a blanket certificate of every claim on the page.
Reading the records
Every connection deserves a closer look.
A photograph, a family memory, a census entry: each tells us something different. We show what the sources support, and keep the questions visible.
Provisional
A coherent working account is retained, but the original-record proof or source chain is incomplete.
Conflicting evidence
Competing claims remain unresolved. Alternatives are shown without selecting a false winner.
Research lead
The material records a lead or inherited tree claim; no established family connection is asserted.
An honest family history
Strong records, open questions.
Evidence belongs to a particular claim. A well-documented person may still have an uncertain parent, a disputed date, or a story that cannot yet be traced to an original record.
Our biographies keep these distinctions close to the story. Sources describe both what they contain and what they cannot establish.
Beyond the documented branches
Research trails, not established ancestry.
The wider research includes medieval, dynastic and legendary connections. They are preserved here as questions to investigate. Their presence does not establish that these figures are our ancestors.
Unverified trail
Cardona and Iberian research
An online-tree trail reaches beyond the colonial Card research into Iberian names.
Read the questionUnverified trail
Scandinavian and Norse research
A deeper trail contains medieval Scandinavian and royal names.
Read the questionUnverified trail
Young, Norman, and Iberian research
The older Young and Howe research opens into several unverified European trails.
Read the questionUnverified trail
Welsh dynastic research
Welsh names appear among records whose family placement is unresolved.
Read the questionUnverified trail
Norman and French research
Overlapping online-tree trails converge on medieval French and Norman names.
Read the questionUnverified trail
Georgia and eastern medieval research
The distant research reaches Georgian and Byzantine-associated material.
Read the questionLegendary material
Biblical and legendary material
A separate collection preserves mythic and scriptural extensions found in shared trees.
Read the questionNot every record has a home yet.
Some captured records have not been assigned to a reliable family branch.
See the unassigned researchAbout this edition
What is in the archive?
This edition brings together 40 edited profiles, 28 selected sources and all five researched family branches. The larger research collection remains a source of leads.
Research coverage and limitations
The April 2026 compiled graph records 173,291 person nodes. This is a research count, not a count of verified ancestors.
- The collected-record totals describe the April 2026 research collection, not a count of unique or verified ancestors.
- The review covered the family branches, individual notes, evidence collections, and conflicting claims. Every collected record has not been independently verified.
- Some newer research remains separate from older compilations, so the collected-record totals do not describe a single reconciled family tree.
- The archive presents edited profiles and selected sources. The larger research collection contains leads, repetitions, and claims still to be tested.
Family profiles and branch notes
Edited into readable profiles with cited paragraphs and relationship-level uncertainty.
Evidence archive and source packets
Selected sources are linked with clear descriptions and limitations.
Compiled research graph
Used to describe research coverage and identify leads; totals are not presented as proven ancestry.
Deep and unassigned trails
Visible as explicitly unverified research, separate from supported family relationships.
Collected and repeated research
Kept as research leads until their claims can be checked against identifiable sources.